Tandem Connectionist Feature Extraction for Conversational Speech Recognition
Description
Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) can be used in automatic speech recognition in many ways. A particular application of this tool over the last few years has been the Tandem approach, as described by Hermansky et al in a number of publications. Here we discuss the characteristics of the MLP-based features used for the Tandem approach, and conclude with a report on their application to conversational speech recognition. The paper shows that MLP transformations yield variables that have regular distributions, which can be further modified by using logarithm to make the distribution easier to model by a Gaussian-HMM. Two or more vectors of these features can easily be combined without increasing the feature dimension. We also report recognition results that show that MLP features can significantly improve recognition performance for the NIST 2001 Hub-5 evaluation set with models trained on the Switchboard Corpus, even for complex systems incorporating MMIE training and other enhancements.
| Slides | |
| 0:01 | Tandem Connectionist Feature Extraction for Conversational Speech Recognition |
| 0:23 | Using Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) in Feature Extraction for Speech Recognition |
| 1:41 | MLP outputs as features to HMM |
| 3:04 | *1 Simple and Regular Within-Class Distribution |
| 4:09 | Exp. 1: Posterior Feature Space |
| 4:55 | Exp. 2: Log Posterior Feature Space |
| 5:48 | Exp. 3: Typical Distributions of Log Posteriors in Histogram |
| 6:24 | *2 Reducing Speaker Variation |
| 8:09 | Exp. 4: Variances of (Speaker Adaptive Training) SAT Transforms for Different Speakers |
| 9:18 | *3 Feature Combination: Better Performance, No Dimensionality Increase |
| 10:23 | Usually What to Expect for a Feature Transform |
| 11:06 | The Feature Generation Diagram |
| 12:30 | Some Practical Details in Feature Generation and HMM Decoding |
| 13:31 | Recognition Experiments |
| 14:30 | Recognition with a ‘Plain’ System with ML Training |
| 15:29 | Concerns for a Novel Feature: Scale and Carry Through |
| 16:04 | Results with Adaptation |
| 16:49 | Results in a Full-Fledged System |
| 18:26 | Summary |
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