Prefrontal cortex and decision-making

author:Shintaro Funahashi, Kyoto University
published: Oct. 17, 2008,   recorded: September 2008,   views: 128
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Slides

Slides
0:00 Prefrontal cortex and decision-making: How does delay-period activity contribute to the decision of the saccade direction?
1:08 Cerebral cortex of rhesus monkey
1:45 Prefrontal cortex and decision making - 1
2:11 ODR task and task-related prefrontal activity
4:29 Delay-period activity in the prefrontal cortex
5:18 Population vector analysis of prefrontal activities
5:40 Prefrontal cortex and decision making: Characteristics of delay-period activity - 1
6:30 Prefrontal cortex and decision making: Characteristics of delay-period activity - 2
6:38 ODR task and rotatory ODR (R-ODR) task
7:19 Delay-period activity representing the visual cue location
8:21 What information is maintained in prefrontal activity?
9:01 Prefrontal cortex and decision making: Characteristics of delay-period activity - 3
9:27 Prefrontal cortex and decision making: Characteristics of delay-period activity - 4
9:38 Prefrontal cortex and decision making: Characteristics of delay-period activity - 5
9:52 Prefrontal cortex and decision making: How does delay-period activity contribute to the decision of the saccade direction?
10:00 ODR task and S-ODR task
11:54 Behavioral analysis - 1
12:20 Behavioral analysis - 2
12:38 Which task-related activity contributes to the decision of the saccade directionin the S-ODR task?
13:04 An example of prefrontal activity in ODR and S-ODR tasks
14:05 Comparison of task-related activity between ODR and S-ODR tasks
15:20 Temporal pattern of directional delay-period activity
15:25 Which task-related activity contributes to the decision of the saccade direction in the S-ODR task? - 1
16:00 Which task-related activity contributes to the decision of the saccade direction in the S-ODR task? - 2
16:09 Which delay-period activity contributes most to the decision of the saccade direction in the S-ODR task?
17:05 Temporal pattern of directional selectivity of delay-period activity
18:26 Which delay-period activity contributes most to the decision of the saccade direction in terms of the temporal pattern of the directional selectivity? - 1
19:08 Which delay-period activity contributes most to the decision of the saccade direction in terms of the temporal pattern of the directional selectivity? - 2
19:21 Temporal patterns of delay-period activity in the ODR task - 1
19:46 Temporal patterns of delay-period activity in the ODR task - 2
19:55 Temporal patterns of delay-period activity in ODR and S-ODR tasks - 1
20:45 Temporal patterns of delay-period activity in ODR and S-ODR tasks - 2
20:57 Which delay-period activity contributes most to the decision of the saccade direction in the S-ODR task? - 1
21:21 Which delay-period activity contributes most to the decision of the saccade direction in the S-ODR task? - 2
21:56 Activation at the beginning of the delay period in the S-ODR task
23:46 Hypothesis
24:21 Competitive interaction hypothesis
25:25 Determination of the initiation timing of delay-period activity
26:12 A comparison of the initiation timing of delay-period activity between ODR and S-ODR tasks
27:27 Distribution of the initiation timing of delay-period activity
28:07 Temporal pattern of the initiation timing of delay-period activity
29:27 Competitive interaction hypothesis
29:56 Inter-trial interval
30:13 Cue period - 1
30:22 Cue period - 2
30:33 Cue period - 3
30:40 Delay period - 1
30:48 Delay period - 2
30:50 Response period - 1
30:58 Response period - 2
32:02 Prefrontal cortex and decision making - 2
32:49 Collaborators
33:06 - Questions

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Description

The prefrontal cortex has been known to participate in working memory processes. Tonic sustained activation observed during the delay period (delay-period activity) has been considered as a neural correlate of the mechanism for active maintenance of information. Neurophysiological studies revealed that delay-period activity represents retrospective information (e.g., sensory events) as well as prospective information (e.g., forthcoming motor information). This suggests that delay-period activity participates in decision processes regarding motor performances based on the sensory information. To examine how delay-period activity participates in the decision of a motor behavior, we analyzed prefrontal activity while monkeys performed two tasks: ODR and S-ODR tasks. In the ODR task, monkeys were required to make a memory-guided saccade to the cue location after a 3-s delay. In the S-ODR task, four identical visual cues were presented simultaneously during the cue period and monkeys were required to make a saccade in any one direction after the delay. Delay-period activity was observed in both tasks in the same neuron with similar directional preferences. Neurons with delay-period activity were classified into several groups based on the temporal pattern of the activity itself and of the strength of the directional selectivity. Among these, neurons with an increasing type of delay-period activity with persistent directional selectivity throughout the delay period in the ODR task also showed directional delay-period activity in the S-ODR task. These results indicate that an increasing type of delay-period activity, which is thought to represent motor information, plays an important role in generating and enhancing directional bias in the S-ODR task and therefore contributes significantly to the decision process of the saccade direction in the S-ODR task.

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