Estimating the probability of rare climate events: inference from a large deterministic computer code

author:Peter Challenor, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton
published: Sept. 9, 2008,   recorded: May 2008,   views: 92
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Slides

Slides
0:00 Estimating the probability of rare climate events: inference from a large deterministic computer code
0:13 Motivation
1:21 Uncertainty in prediction
2:03 Uncertainty and tipping points
2:42 Stability of the climate system - the Lyapunov potential (1)
3:05 Stability of the climate system - the Lyapunov potential (2)
3:14 Stability of the climate system - the Lyapunov potential (3)
3:17 Stability of the climate system - the Lyapunov potential (4)
3:32 Stability of the climate system - the Lyapunov potential (5)
3:41 Stability of the climate system - the Lyapunov potential (6)
3:44 Stability of the climate system - the Lyapunov potential (7)
4:02 Tipping Points
4:29 Collapse of the thermohaline circulation
5:01 The thermohaline circulation (1)
6:01 The thermohaline circulation (2)
6:21 The thermohaline circulation (3)
7:48 What if the thermohaline circulation collapsed today? (1)
7:49 The thermohaline circulation (3)
8:36 What if the thermohaline circulation collapsed today? (1)
9:27 What if the thermohaline circulation collapsed today? (2)
9:42 What if the thermohaline circulation collapsed today? (3)
10:15 The Big Question (1)
10:36 The Big Question (2)
10:54 The Big Question (3)
11:03 Uncertainty Analysis (1)
11:18 Uncertainty Analysis (2)
11:42 Monte Carlo Estimate
12:50 The Emulator (1)
13:02 The Emulator (2)
13:22 The Emulator (3)
13:32 The Emulator (4)
13:37 The Emulator (5)
13:46 Some Maths
14:57 The Posterior
15:41 Smoothness (1)
15:55 Smoothness (2)
16:04 Smoothness (3)
16:19 Smoothness (4)
16:27 Smoothness (5)
16:40 Some Maths
17:21 Smoothness (5)
17:26 Example (1)
17:45 Example (2)
18:14 Nuggets (1)
18:26 Nuggets (2)
18:30 Example (2)
18:38 Nuggets (2)
18:39 Nuggets (3)
18:45 Nuggets (4)
18:50 Why include a nugget (1)
19:06 Why include a nugget (2)
19:12 Why include a nugget (3)
19:23 Why include a nugget (4)
19:39 Why include a nugget (5)
19:46 Active and non-active variables (1)
19:54 Active and non-active variables (2)
19:56 Active and non-active variables (3)
20:01 Active and non-active variables (4)
20:31 Active and non-active variables (5)
20:38 Estimating the probability (1)
20:54 Estimating the probability (2)
21:00 Estimating the probability (3)
21:04 Estimating the probability (4)
21:11 Estimating the probability (5)
21:16 Estimating the probability (6)
21:25 GENIE aka C-GOLDSTEIN
21:39 GENIE-1 grid
22:29 GENIE-1
23:29 The Training Experiment
23:59 The Latin hypercube
24:26 Not all Latin hypercubes are equal
25:39 Spin-up of GENIE-1
27:07 GENIE projects the future
27:18 Spin-up of GENIE-1
27:40 GENIE projects the future
28:51 The Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change book experiment (1)
28:58 The Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change book experiment (2)
30:08 It's only the value at 2100 that is important
30:41 Multivariate outputs
31:31 Principal Components
31:35 Prediction via PCs
31:41 Does it work?
31:45 SAT change by 2100 uncertainty analysis
32:25 Maximum MOC ensemble
32:33 Maximum MOC uncertainty analysis (1)
32:44 Maximum MOC uncertainty analysis (2)
32:53 But the emulator performs poorly here
33:16 Maximum MOC uncertainty analysis (2)
33:29 But the emulator performs poorly here
33:33 An alternative (1)
33:40 An alternative (2)
33:43 An alternative (3)
33:46 An alternative (4)
33:51 An alternative (5)
33:55 An alternative (6)
34:06 An alternative (7)
34:08 An alternative (8)
34:29 Calibrating the model (1)
34:38 Calibrating the model (2)
34:47 Calibrating the model (3)
34:52 Calibrating the model (4)
35:29 Calibrating the model (5)
35:31 Calibrating the model (6)
36:05 The RAPID array
36:47 Conclusions (1)
36:59 Conclusions (2)
37:04 Conclusions (3)
37:18 Conclusions (4)
37:41 Conclusions (5)
38:20 Conclusions (6)

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Description

Anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases means that it is vital that we can predict future climates. One aspect of such possible future climates are so called low probability high impact events. These include things like the collapse of ice sheets that we hope are unlikely but if they did happen would have very major impacts on the climate. The only way we can address these problems is through computer models, we do not have any data that is applicable. Such models are very large and complex and require huge amounts of computer time. Thus simple Monte Carlo methods of inference cannot be used. Instead we use statistical methods to investigate the properties of the model. These are based around the concept of an emulator. An emulator is a statistical approximation to the model output given the model inputs, and includes a measure of its own uncertainty. We use Gaussian processes for our emulators but in principle other functions could be used. Having built an emulator we can use it to perform our inference rather than the computer model itself. We will illustrate these methods to estimate the risk of the collapse of the thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic and discuss future improvements.

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