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Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Impact on BCI
Published on Dec 03, 20122970 Views
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) measures the hemodynamic changes following focal neuronal activity in the brain non-invasively. NIRS affords imaging of neocortical functions in a mobile, unobtrusive
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Chapter list
Application00:58
Technology03:55
Physiology04:04
BNIC/Charité05:32
Names05:55
Invasive Imaging06:23
Invasive optical Imaging -- Principle06:45
Invasive optical imaging -- spectroscopy08:12
Invasive optical imaging (Result)10:43
Definition of the optical ‘window’10:46
‚Blurring‘ by scattering14:33
Equations15:43
Lambert-Beer-Law16:13
Lambert-Beer-Law & Human Head17:41
Wavelength combinations for functional optical imaging19:52
Jöbsis, Science, 197720:35
The first four papers on functional optical imaging in 199322:23
Prinzipal of the optical topography23:38
Today there are various systems on the market.24:59
Charité Home Build Sytem.25:34
Typical result of a functional stimulation experiment.27:05
Applications28:19
The power of OT is portability and sensitivity to changes in physiological parameter.28:34
However other methods are more powerful and thus, niche applications have to be defined.29:31
OT is well suited to study neurovascular coupling, since it allows determined well defined physiological parameters.30:34
Blutflow and Gamma (Niessing Science 2005)31:56
Its also feasible in humans.33:03
First reports on studies in ‘freely behaving’ adults have been provided.34:38
Hyper-resolution35:35
Principles of reconstruction techniques (linear appox.)36:00
Hyperdense Mapping37:31
Tomography strongly increases the spatial resolution!!!38:33
A challenge of OT is the sensitivity to ‘global’ changes in blood pressure.40:23
Detected ‚systemic‘ artefact can have an extra-cerebral component.41:47
Principle of ‘depth resolution’41:54
Depth resolution works!42:58
How to integrate NIRS?47:09
Bicycle Experiment48:25
Single-Subject during Biking49:00
Fluorescence (exogenous)49:25
In a breathtaking paper Ntziachristos et al. Proposed the usage of non-invasive optical fluorescence tomography for the brain.49:39
Perfusion imaging via ICG detection50:37
Principle of perfusion weighted imaging52:02
For the patient study a hand-held-probe was designed ...52:39
Study with ICG52:49
Result on patient53:35
Temporal Reliability of Classification in Motor Imagery54:17